@article{oai:hirosaki.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003618,
 author = {Kido, Hiroshi and Mizuno, Dai and Le, Quang Trong and Chida, Junji and Yamada, Hiroshi and Okumura, Yuushi and Yano, Mihiro},
 issue = {Supplement},
 journal = {弘前医学},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {application/pdf, Human infl uenza virus causes an annual epidemic infection. After infl uenza virus infection in the airway,
infection sometimes spreads with severe neurologic complication and multiple organ failure, resulting in high
mortality. In the process of viral spread from the lungs to other organs, signifi cant up-regulated trpsin was observed
in various organs. Up-regulated trypsin eff ectively converted precursor of the viral envelope hemagglutinin（ HA） into
HA1 and HA2 subunits. The proteolytic activation of HA is a prerequisite for virus multiplication. Administration of
the inhibitors of trypsin as new approaches for the treatment of infl uenza virus infection eff ectively suppressed viral
multiplication. Almost vaccines for infl uenza virus infection are administered i.m. or s.c., which induce IgG-mediated
protection in the systemic immune compartment, but this immunization off ers insuffi cient protection on the mucosal
surface at the initial site of viral multiplication. To improve protective mucosal immunity, intranasal vaccination
has been studied. The powerful mucosal adjuvants reported are toxin based, such as cholera toxin and Escherichia
coli heat-labile toxin, but these enterotoxins cause severe side eff ects. We recently found natural mucosal adjuvant,
pulmonary surfactant, in the lungs. Intranasal administration of infl uenza vaccine combined with Surfacten, a modifi ed
pulmonary surfactant free of antigenic c-type lectins, induced high protective mucosal immunity in the airway and
systemic immune responses in the blood, the effi cacy of both protective immunities by Surfacten being equivalent to
those by cholera toxin. In this symposium, we reported the eff ects of Surfacten on mucosal and systemic immunities., 弘前医学. 59(Suppl.), 2007, p.S19-S25},
 pages = {S19--S25},
 title = {New approaches for prevention and treatment of infl uenza virus infection by an enhancement of mucosal immunization and suppression of protease expression},
 volume = {59},
 year = {2007}
}