@article{oai:hirosaki.repo.nii.ac.jp:00003839,
 author = {Shintaku, Tomohiro and Ohba, Takayoshi and Niwa, Hidetoshi and Kushikata, Tetsuya and Hirota, Kazuyoshi and Ono, Kyoichi and Mariya, Yasushi and Imaizumi, Tadaatsu and Sawamura, Daisuke and Murakami, Manabu},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {弘前医学},
 month = {Apr},
 note = {We compared the effects of inhalation anesthesia（ 2% isoflurane）, intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital anesthesia （50 mg/kg）, and a combination anesthetic consisting of medetomidine, midazolam and butorphanol （MMB） on electrocardiograms in mice. Using either isoflurane inhalation anesthesia or pentobarbital anesthesia, heart rate （HR） was in the acceptable range （ca. 450-500 bpm）. In contrast, MMB anesthesia decreased HR significantly. Importantly, MMB anesthesia responded minimally to propranolol （β-blocker）, suggesting that MMB anesthesia affects sympathetic tonus and is not suitable for evaluation of the cardiovascular or sympathetic system. We confirmed that modified MMB, with a decreased dose of medetomidine from the original protocol（ an α2 agonist）, was associated with a HR of 400 bpm and a diminished response to propranolol. Our present results illustrate the importance of using an appropriate form of anesthesia suitable for experimental pharmacological studies., 弘前医学. 66, 2015, p.15-21},
 pages = {15--21},
 title = {Comparison of the Effects of Isoflurane Inhalation, Pentobarbital and a Medetomidine-Midazolam-Butorphanol Combination Anesthesia on Electrocardiograms in Mice},
 volume = {66},
 year = {2015}
}