{"created":"2023-05-15T09:04:49.119745+00:00","id":5984,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"821e0b04-147e-4bcd-8dd5-1c76fc113db5"},"_deposit":{"created_by":11,"id":"5984","owners":[11],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"5984"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:hirosaki.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005984","sets":["732:928:991"]},"author_link":["20614","20618","20620","20616","20612","20611","501","20619","20621","20617","20613","499","500","20610","20615"],"item_5_alternative_title_21":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"Utilizing \"Easy Japanese\" in anticipation of the days when 60 million tourists will visit Japan: Ensuring safety with plain English and the herding effect"}]},"item_5_biblio_info_8":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2020-03-25","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"68","bibliographicPageStart":"55","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"16","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"弘前大学大学院地域社会研究科年報"}]}]},"item_5_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"　訪日外国人6000万人時代を前に、総務省消防庁は日本で災害が起きたとき、さまざまな国からの外国人を短時間で安全な場所まで誘導する多言語避難の方法について検討した。日本がこれまで示してきた多言語指針は、いずれも文字による案内や説明を目的にした観光用の対策だったことから、災害発生の直後から確実な誘導ができ、事態によって変わる案内を誘導者が伝えられる外国語を必要とした。\n　災害発生の直後は音声によって避難させねばならず、多言語で誘導することは不可能だった。英語で伝えることについても検討したが、日本を訪れる多くの外国人の英語能力と合致しないことや誘導する日本人側の英語能力においても同じ事情があり、観光用の外国語と区別することが重要となった。\n　検討の結果、「やさしい日本語」による避難誘導の表現とそれを元文にしたプレインイングリッシュ（Plain English）で伝えるのがもっとも効果的で、それでも理解できない外国人はハーディング効果（herding effect）を使った群衆行動により避難させることにした。\n　災害の発生直後は「やさしい日本語」を使って状況や指示のわかる外国人を増やし、即席のボランティア誘導者として外国人の彼らに協力してもらうことにし、そのときの依頼表現が「日本語が分かる人にお願いです。係の人の話が分かった人にお願いです。近くにいる外国人に教えてください」である。日本語やプレインイングリッシュが分からない外国人でも、彼らの母語での説明や群衆が移動する方向へ進む行動特性を利用して避難させることにした。本稿では、その決定過程と決定の際の言語学的根拠について記した。\n　Many foreigners are visiting Japan and their numbers will continue to rise thanks to the relaxation of visa requirements and Japan’s hosting of large international sporting events such as the Tokyo Olympics. With the number of foreign visitors expected to exceed 60 million, the Fire and Disaster Management Agency has been looking into how best to guide guests who come from many countries to safe places in the event of a disaster. The multilingual guidelines developed in Japan have thus far been aimed at tourists with the purpose of providing written guides and other material in print. Japan has not had a multilingual guide that provides voiced or audio directions in the case of a disaster. Therefore, before the Olympics, Japan will need to develop a foreign language guide that can provide reliable guidance in the event of a disaster, a guide that will enable those who lead others to safety to convey information and offer guidance that could be adjusted depending on the situation.\n　When a disaster occurs, people in the vicinity must be evacuated with the help of audio or voiced instructions. However, there are many people whose escape would be delayed if evacuation instructions were to be conveyed in multiple languages. For this reason, we reached the conclusion that issuing instructions in multiple languages would be ineffectual.\n　We then considered if and how evacuation information should be conveyed in English. Unfortunately, many foreigners who visit Japan do not have a basic command of English. Nor do many Japanese. For this reason, it was determined that it is important that the use of foreign languages for tourism and that for disaster evacuation should be  differentiated.\n The results obtained from this study are as follows: The most effective way to provide evacuation guidance is a combination of \"Easy Japanese\" and a Plain English” that is derived from the “Easy Japanese.” Foreigners unable to understand either of these would be able to find their way by following others (the herding effect). We found that immediately after a disaster occurs the use of \"Easy Japanese\" would help increase the number of foreigners who would be able to understand the disaster situation and the evacuation instructions. By making them instant volunteer guides, these people would be able to help foreigners who did not understand even the “Easy Japanese.”It was decided that the expressions for requesting help to be used at such a time would be as follows：\"Nihongo ga wakaru hito ni onegaidesu. Kakari no hito no hanashi ga wakaru hito ni onegai desu. Chikaku ni iru gaikokujin ni oshiete kudasai\". A foreigner who understood \"Easy Japanese\" could act as an interpreter. As a result, foreigners who do not understand either “Easy Japanese” or “Plain English” would be able to evacuate by following instructions in their native language from those who did or by adhering to human behavioral characteristics that would compel them to move with the crowd. In this article, I describe the process and the linguistic basis for the conclusions reached.\n","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_5_full_name_2":{"attribute_name":"著者(ヨミ)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"500","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"サトウ, カズユキ"}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"20614","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"ミズノ, ヨシミチ"}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"20615","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"マエダ, リカコ"}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"20616","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"ヨネダ, マサト"}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"20617","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"イトウ, アキノリ"}]}]},"item_5_full_name_3":{"attribute_name":"著者別名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"501","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"Sato, Kazuyuki"}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"20618","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"Mizuno, Yoshimichi"}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"20619","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"Maeda, Rikako"}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"20620","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"Yoneda, Masato"}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"20621","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"Ito, Akinori"}]}]},"item_5_publisher_35":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"弘前大学大学院地域社会研究科"}]},"item_5_radio_42":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_radio_item":"Article"}]},"item_5_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AA12016218","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_5_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"1349-8282","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_5_text_4":{"attribute_name":"著者所属","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"弘前大学大学院地域社会研究科"},{"subitem_text_value":"京都工芸繊維大学"},{"subitem_text_value":"大東文化大学外国語学部"},{"subitem_text_value":"国立国語研究所"},{"subitem_text_value":"東北大学大学院工学研究科"}]},"item_5_version_type_18":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"佐藤, 和之"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"水野, 義道"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"前田, 理佳子"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"米田, 正人"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"伊藤, 彰則"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2020-05-08"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"RegionalStudies_16_55.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"959.4 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"RegionalStudies_16_55","url":"https://hirosaki.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/5984/files/RegionalStudies_16_55.pdf"},"version_id":"916fbd81-d505-4734-a884-8ab6653d60fc"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"「やさしい日本語」","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"避難誘導表現","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"ハーディング効果","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"訪日外国人","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"訪日外国人6000万人時代に向けた「やさしい日本語」の応用と展開 - プレインイングリッシュの併用とハーディング効果で安全を高める -","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"訪日外国人6000万人時代に向けた「やさしい日本語」の応用と展開 - プレインイングリッシュの併用とハーディング効果で安全を高める -"}]},"item_type_id":"5","owner":"11","path":["991"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2020-05-08"},"publish_date":"2020-05-08","publish_status":"0","recid":"5984","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["訪日外国人6000万人時代に向けた「やさしい日本語」の応用と展開 - プレインイングリッシュの併用とハーディング効果で安全を高める -"],"weko_creator_id":"11","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-05-15T12:49:38.675887+00:00"}